Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research
type: channel
description: Reinvention is an established online, peer-reviewed journal publishing high-quality undergraduate student research. The journal welcomes academic articles from all student researchers from any discipline and university. Published by the Institute for Advanced Teaching and Learning (IATL), University of Warwick. IATL is a hub for education innovation and develop student research initiatives including Reinvention, the International Conference of Undergraduate Research and the British Conference of Undergraduate Research.
publisher: Institute for Advanced Teaching and Learning, University of Warwick
language: en
publication name: Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research
issn: 1755-7429
copyright: <p class="p-Cl1" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Lato,&quot; helvetica neue&quot;,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" align="left">Authors are responsible for obtaining permission from copyright holders for reproducing through any medium of communication those illustrations, tables, figures or lengthy quotations previously published elsewhere. Authors are also responsible for adding these permissions to the acknowledgement footnote that precedes all other notes or crediting the source and copyright of photographs or figures in the accompanying captions. <p style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Lato,&quot; helvetica neue&quot;,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">The journal's policy is to ask authors to grant us the licence to publish their work, which gives us the exclusive right both to reproduce and/or distribute their article (including the abstract) in printed, electronic or any other medium, and in turn to authorise others (including Reproduction Rights Organisations such as the Copyright Licensing Agency and the Copyright Clearance Center) to do the same. In return the author(s) assert their Moral Right to be identified as the author, and we promise that we will respect their rights as the author(s). That is, we will make sure that their name(s) is/are always clearl…
items: Uncharted Territories
items: IATL at 15: Educational Innovation Then, Now and in the Future
items: Critical Reflections
items: Testing the Limits. Can Nitrate Levels be Used to Safeguard the Health of UK Rivers? The Critical Reflection of an Undergraduate’s Introduction to Independent Research
items: Mysteries for Humans: Navigating the Maze of Science, Objectivity and our Mental Limits
items: An Exploration of the Potential which Artificial Intelligence has in Supporting Children’s Learning
items: Celebrating the Student, Acknowledging the Researcher
items: Student Research at the Heart of UK Government
items: British Conference of Undergraduate Research 2025 Book of Abstracts
items: Celebrating the Diversity of Student Research
items: The Magical Power of Discussion and Connection Creates Hope for Research in Challenging Times
items: Celebrating Student Research at BCUR 2025
items: A Machine Learning Approach to Augment Security in NFC-Based Access Control Systems
items: Threads of Transformation: Unravelling Norms, Reweaving Futures
items: Breaking into Academic Publishing: Creating a Credible, Quality and Publishable Article
items: Access to Information and Support for LGBTQI+ People Seeking Asylum
items: Breaking Barriers: A Comprehensive Study on the Pathways and Challenges Faced by First-Generation Students in Higher Education
items: Editorial: Blueprints of Knowledge
items: Age and Racial Disparities Persist for Gonorrhoea and Chlamydia in the United States
items: Insights into Diversity: A Multi-Stakeholder Analysis of Inclusive Assessment Practices in Higher Education
items: Awareness, Knowledge and Practice of Female Zayed University Students Regarding Folate and Folic Acid
items: Global Minds: Expanding Beyond the Horizon
items: Are Private Brands Morally Inferior to National Brands?
items: Conceptions of Freedom in the Regulation of Junk Food and Tobacco
items: To What Extent Were There Attempts to Securitise the Malaysian Chicken Export Ban In Singapore? A Comparative Analysis of Frames Between Government and News Media
items: Rethinking the EU’s Deforestation Regulation: A Fairer Approach to Palm Oil in the Global South
items: Gastronationalism in Cornwall
items: The Philosophy, Politics and Economics of Food
items: A Social Evolution: Capturing the Essence of Change
items: The Current State of the Healthy Start Food Scheme in the South West of England: A Qualitative Analysis with Stakeholders

Uncharted Territories
type: item
description: I am Grace Fisher, a final-year medical student at Warwick University and this year’s Reinvention editor. Working on this edition has been a privilege – not only because of the quality of the research submitted, but because of how clearly our authors embody the spirit of Reinvention. Each contribution, in its own way, challenges how we think about knowledge, inclusion and creativity in research. Across the submissions this year, there is a shared willingness to question assumptions and to imagine something better – whether that is fairer assessment practices, more inclusive systems of support, or new approaches to technology, identity and belonging. What strikes me most is how confidently undergraduate researchers now occupy this space. Their work is not tentative or derivative; it is bold, critical and grounded in lived experience.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Critical Reflections
  topic: keywords
subject: Institute for Advanced Teaching and Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Reinvention as education
  topic: keywords
subject: Interdisciplnary Research
  topic: subjects
creator: Grace Fisher
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Grace Fisher https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i2.2098

IATL at 15: Educational Innovation Then, Now and in the Future
type: item
description: The paper traces the evolution of the Institute for Advanced Teaching and Learning (IATL) at the University of Warwick as it marks its 15th anniversary. Since its formation in 2010, IATL has served as a catalyst for educational innovation, championing interdisciplinary learning, undergraduate research and student–staff co-creation. The authors reflect on IATL’s foundations in Open-Space Learning (OSL) and Student-as-Producer, its development as an academic department and its influence on sector-wide conversations about agential learning and innovative assessment. They conclude with a discussion of possible directions of travel for educational innovation in the next decade, including the challenges and opportunities of artificial intelligence.
subject: Guest Article
  topic: section
subject: Educational innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Institute for Advanced Teaching and Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Open space learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Student as producer
  topic: keywords
subject: Pedagogy
  topic: subjects
subject: Educational innovation
  topic: subjects
subject: Interdisciplinary studies
  topic: disciplines
creator: Jonathan Hickman-Heron
creator: Fraser Logan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Professor Jonathan Hickman-Heron, Dr Fraser Logan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i2.2088

Critical Reflections
type: item
subject: Critical Reflection
  topic: section
subject: Critical reflections
  topic: subjects
creator: Fraser Logan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Fraser Logan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i2.2081

Testing the Limits. Can Nitrate Levels be Used to Safeguard the Health of UK Rivers? The Critical Reflection of an Undergraduate’s Introduction to Independent Research
type: item
description: The novelty of independent research is always a memorable experience, although never for the reasons expected. The responsibility of designing and executing an original project; the uncertainty of having to cope with issues as and when they arise. While I can attest to this being a positively enriching experience, it was certainly not without its drawbacks. Since the majority of these were a product of my shifting priorities, this came to define my project. Akin to a trial by fire at times, I thus attained a better understanding of the realistic expectations that ought to come with carrying out research, at any level, alongside the strengthening of my resilience to setbacks – although it did not feel as such at the time. Met with unfavourable circumstances, I nevertheless produced a comprehensive academic poster that has since allowed me to present at multiple conferences. Furthermore, I have taken my experience here and the desire to undertake research onto the next project and will continue to do so going forward.
subject: Critical Reflection
  topic: section
subject: Nitrate pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: Riverfly abundance
  topic: keywords
subject: Safeguarding UK rivers
  topic: keywords
subject: UK river health
  topic: keywords
subject: Life Science
  topic: subjects
subject: Environmental science
  topic: subjects
subject: Life Science
  topic: disciplines
creator: Federico White
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Federico White https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i2.2042

Mysteries for Humans: Navigating the Maze of Science, Objectivity and our Mental Limits
type: item
description: My project explored the idea that science, often upheld as the epitome of objectivity, may instead resemble a maze of our own creation. Drawing inspiration from Penelope Scott’s ‘Mysteries for Rats’ and Chomsky’s concept of ‘mysteries-for-humans’, the work considers how social structures, institutions and scientific practices can form problems we are unable to conclusively solve. The exhibit’s structure deliberately avoids resolution, echoing both intellectual dead ends encountered during philosophical discussion and the recursive loops of institutionalised science. Ultimately the goal is not to provide answers but to provoke curiosity, encourage openness and prompt reflection on the limitations of human knowledge. Engaging openly with other disciplines may allow us to examine a question more fully and utilise these unique perspectives to form creative solutions.
subject: Critical Reflection
  topic: section
subject: Chomsky’s theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Mysteries for rats
  topic: keywords
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: subjects
subject: Life Science
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ezra Smith
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ezra Smith https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i2.2041

An Exploration of the Potential which Artificial Intelligence has in Supporting Children’s Learning
type: item
description: This paper explores the evolving role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in primary education, highlighting its potential to personalise learning, alleviate teacher workload and enhance student outcomes. It critically examines the integration of AI technologies, ranging from intelligent tutoring systems to voice-activated assistants, and their implications for pedagogy, student wellbeing and digital literacy. While acknowledging AI’s transformative capabilities, the paper similarly addresses ethical concerns, including data privacy, bias and overreliance on automated systems. Drawing on current research, educational policy and practical examples, it advocates for the responsible adoption of AI guided by informed teacher judgement and robust digital literacy education. Ultimately, it calls for collaborative efforts among educators, technologists and policymakers to ensure AI enriches learning without compromising human values or professional integrity.
subject: Critical Reflection
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Primary Education
  topic: keywords
subject: AI
  topic: keywords
subject: Personalised Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Adaptable
  topic: keywords
subject: AI in primary education
  topic: keywords
subject: AI and personalised learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital literacy in children's learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: subjects
subject: Primary Education
  topic: subjects
subject: Education
  topic: disciplines
creator: Lorna Robinson
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lorna Robinson https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i2.2013

Celebrating the Student, Acknowledging the Researcher
type: item
subject: Reflections
  topic: section
subject: British Conference of Undergraduate Research
  topic: keywords
subject: BCUR
  topic: keywords
subject: International Conference of Undergraduate Research
  topic: keywords
subject: ICUR
  topic: keywords
subject: National Conference of Undergraduate Research
  topic: keywords
subject: NCUR
  topic: keywords
subject: Australasian Conference of Undergraduate Research
  topic: keywords
subject: ACUR
  topic: keywords
creator: Fiona Farnsworth
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Fiona Farnsworth https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-16
publication date: 2025-07-16
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18iS1.2006

Student Research at the Heart of UK Government
type: item
subject: Reflections
  topic: section
subject: Student research
  topic: subjects
subject: Communicating research
  topic: subjects
creator: Jane Bryan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Prof Jane Bryan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-16
publication date: 2025-07-16
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18iS1.2004

British Conference of Undergraduate Research 2025 Book of Abstracts
type: item
description: British Conference of Undergraduate Research 2025 Book of Abstracts The British Conference of Undergraduate Research (BCUR) took place over two days, from 9th to 10th April 2025 and was hosted by Newcastle University. Over the two day academic conference students presented their research after having their abstracts reviewed and accepted by academic peer reviewers. The abstracts from the conference are collected here and provide an overview of the vast array of research subjects across multiple disciplines, from many higher education institutions. The student presenters opted to talk about their research in the form of a presentation, a poster or an installation.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: British Conference of Undergraduate Research
  topic: keywords
subject: BCUR
  topic: keywords
subject: Newcastle University
  topic: keywords
subject: Book of Abstracts
  topic: keywords
subject: BCUR 2025
  topic: keywords
subject: student research
  topic: keywords
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-16
publication date: 2025-07-16
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18iS1.2002

Celebrating the Diversity of Student Research
type: item
subject: Reflections
  topic: section
subject: Reinvention journal
  topic: keywords
subject: Reinvention: an International Journal of Undergraduate Research
  topic: keywords
subject: diversity in research
  topic: keywords
subject: British Conference of Undergraduate Research
  topic: keywords
subject: student research
  topic: keywords
subject: Student research
  topic: subjects
subject: Interdisciplinarity
  topic: disciplines
creator: Grace Fisher
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Grace Fisher https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-16
publication date: 2025-07-16
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18iS1.2001

The Magical Power of Discussion and Connection Creates Hope for Research in Challenging Times
type: item
subject: Reflections
  topic: section
subject: student research
  topic: keywords
subject: research communication
  topic: keywords
subject: British Conference of Undergraduate Research
  topic: keywords
subject: BCUR
  topic: keywords
subject: Newcastle University
  topic: keywords
subject: Student research
  topic: subjects
subject: Interdisciplinary Research
  topic: disciplines
creator: Paul Taylor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Prof Paul Taylor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-16
publication date: 2025-07-16
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18iS1.2000

Celebrating Student Research at BCUR 2025
type: item
subject: Introduction
  topic: section
subject: British Conference of Undergraduate Research
  topic: keywords
subject: BCUR
  topic: keywords
subject: Newcastle University
  topic: keywords
subject: Student research
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic conference
  topic: keywords
subject: Student research
  topic: subjects
subject: Student Research
  topic: disciplines
creator: Damien Hall
creator: Helen Foley
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Damien Hall, Helen Foley https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-16
publication date: 2025-07-16
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18iS1.1972

A Machine Learning Approach to Augment Security in NFC-Based Access Control Systems
type: item
description: Near-field communication (NFC) is widely used in access control systems such as payment processing and regulating access to facilities. Due to its decentralised nature, NFC is constrained by resource limitations, making it vulnerable to exploits such as key cloning. This study investigated the effectiveness of machine-learning algorithms in visually distinguishing cards as an added security measure against unauthorised cloned cards. The methodology includes collecting datasets, building classification models (CNN, KNN and SVM), performance evaluations and integration of the best-performing model into an NFC prototype, Clone Guard. Performance evaluations included accuracy, precision, F1-score and recall metrics. We found that CNN was the best-performing model, with a prediction accuracy of 96 per cent. Experimental results showed that noisy datasets produced a more robust model than noiseless datasets. Heatmap visualisations indicate that distinct colours and bold text regions contributed significantly to the model’s decision-making. Despite the high accuracy on test data, the prototype performed less accurately when classifying scanned cards. The study provided a basic evaluation of classification algorithms, concluding that deep learning offered greater suitability. The implications of the prototype extended into the applied research domain, offering a configurable and deployable solution to improve the resilience of NFC-based access systems against unauthorised cloned cards.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Clone card detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep learning (CNN) for NFC security
  topic: keywords
subject: Image-based card verification
  topic: keywords
subject: Near-field communication-based access systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Visual authentication using machine learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine Learning
  topic: subjects
subject: Near-Field Communication (NFC)
  topic: subjects
subject: Deep Learning (CNN)
  topic: subjects
subject: Cyber Security
  topic: subjects
subject: School of Information Technology & Systems
  topic: disciplines
creator: Daniella Gullotta
creator: David Prego
creator: Yibeltal Alem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Daniella R. Gullotta, David Prego, Yibeltal F. Alem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i2.1931

Threads of Transformation: Unravelling Norms, Reweaving Futures
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Interdisciplinarity
  topic: subjects
subject: ED&I
  topic: subjects
subject: Future identities
  topic: subjects
subject: social norms
  topic: subjects
subject: Interdisciplinarity
  topic: disciplines
subject: ED&I
  topic: disciplines
creator: Grace Fisher
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Grace Fisher https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i1.1908

Breaking into Academic Publishing: Creating a Credible, Quality and Publishable Article
type: item
description: Writing an academic article is something many students desire but common fears and concerns can prevent them from taking the next steps to publication success. This article offers insights from a journal’s Chief Editor aimed at early career and student authors considering publication, and hopes to enhance their publication experiences alongside avoiding some common mistakes. It explores how through spending time locating and evaluating suitable candidate journals from the outset, prospective authors can help avoid early rejections of their manuscript submissions. The article then proposes how authors, once writing is underway, can further increase their chances of a positive reception by reaching out to prospective editors. It illustrates that, as some form of peer-review is ubiquitous in academic publishing within quality research journals, authors should prepare to deal with reviews functionally, effectively and, where possible, dispassionately. Further, it suggests where rejection is encountered, authors should appreciate that other, alternative journals are likely to still be interested in publishing their work. Thus, through a lot of hard work, advice and attention to guidance from journals, and some common sense, any would-be author can achieve a publishable, quality academic article within a suitable research journal.
subject: Guest Article
  topic: section
subject: Academic publishing
  topic: keywords
subject: culture and media
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic publishing
  topic: subjects
subject: culture and media
  topic: subjects
subject: Culture and media
  topic: disciplines
creator: Gareth Johnson
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gareth Johnson https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i1.1897

Access to Information and Support for LGBTQI+ People Seeking Asylum
type: item
description: Both asylum seekers and LGBTQI+ people systemically lack access to information; in the context of the British asylum system, intersections and interactions between being LGBTQI+ and seeking asylum aggravate this insufficiency. This research project is unique in its exploration of the effects of the hostile asylum accommodation environment on LGBTQI+ people’s access to information through the case study of Coventry’s immigration accommodation. The research question ‘What is the nature of LGBTQI+ asylum seekers’ access to information and support in the context of Coventry’s immigration accommodation?’ was explored through interviews and focus groups with local LGBTQI+ people seeking asylum. The findings show that participants mainly accessed information through government-funded charities and accommodation staff, and that they had limited access to services specifically developed for LGBTQI+ people. They faced violence in the asylum accommodation, which translated into isolation and fear of revealing their sexual orientations and/or gender identities in order to request specialised information from housing staff. The fear was aggravated by staff inaction, which led to participants feeling discriminated against, and which further reduced their attempts to request support. This created a vicious cycle, in which LGBTQI+ people seeking asylum have continuously less access to information, which illustrates a systemic unpreparedness in the British asylum system to support this group.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Access to Information
  topic: keywords
subject: Asylum Seekers’ Human Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Development Studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Queer Studies and Migration
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Sustainable development
  topic: subjects
subject: NGOization
  topic: subjects
subject: Development Studies
  topic: subjects
subject: ICT
  topic: subjects
subject: Human Rights
  topic: subjects
subject: Asylum Seekers
  topic: subjects
subject: Global Sustainable Development
  topic: disciplines
creator: Bel Govier
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Isabel Coelho Govier https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i2.1826

Breaking Barriers: A Comprehensive Study on the Pathways and Challenges Faced by First-Generation Students in Higher Education
type: item
description: This study explores the experiences of first-generation students at Warwick University, focusing on academic preparedness, financial barriers, social integration and mentorship support. The research specifically compares the experiences of students who were and were not part of the Warwick Scholars Programme, revealing that both groups faced similar challenges. Existing literature highlights challenges faced by first-generation students, including deficiencies in academic preparation, financial constraints and social isolation. Using a mixed-methods approach, this paper combines survey data (N = 24) with in-depth interviews (N = 4) to provide a comprehensive understanding of these issues. The findings reveal that both Warwick Scholars and non-Scholars experience similar levels of under-preparedness, despite pre-university interventions. Financial pressures significantly influence educational choices and contribute to family-driven stress. Social integration varies, with some students feeling isolated while others find community through extracurricular activities. Mentorship support is inconsistent, with some students benefitting from personal tutors and peer networks while others struggle to access adequate guidance. The study underscores the necessity for more inclusive and targeted support systems to address the multifaceted challenges faced by first-generation students. While the paper provides valuable insights, limitations include a small sample size, suggesting the need for broader studies. Key recommendations include increasing counselling and skill-building workshops, expanding financial aid, and enhancing mentorship, guidance and career support to better support first-generation students.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Academic preparedness of first-generation university students
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial pressures on first-generation students
  topic: keywords
subject: First-generation students in UK higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: Mentorship support for first-generation students
  topic: keywords
subject: Social integration in higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: Warwick Scholars Programme
  topic: keywords
subject: Widening participation
  topic: subjects
subject: business studies
  topic: subjects
creator: Jessica He
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jessica He https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i2.1821

Editorial: Blueprints of Knowledge
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Blueprints of knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Reinvention journal volume 17 issue 2
  topic: keywords
subject: Editorial: Blueprints of knowledge
  topic: subjects
subject: Interdisciplinary
  topic: disciplines
creator: Yit Xiang Wong
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Yit Xiang Wong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-20
publication date: 2025-01-20
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v17i2.1783

Age and Racial Disparities Persist for Gonorrhoea and Chlamydia in the United States
type: item
description: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are primarily spread through sexual activity. In recent years, STIs have been on the rise globally. In the United States, chlamydia and gonorrhoea are the most prevalent bacterial STIs and have been for the past decade. Both these infections infect the same tissues, have similar modes of transmission, clinical presentations, and can be treated by the same antibiotics. Yet, the epidemiologies and forecasts appear to be different. This paper identifies vulnerable populations specific to gonorrhoea and chlamydia and assesses factors that are likely driving these disparities. Publicly available surveillance data from The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was examined to identify vulnerable populations for both diseases. These findings show that there are sex-specific differences in risk of gonorrhoea and chlamydia, and that young females carry an increased risk of both. Also, there is an increased risk of both infections among the Black/African American population. Understanding risk and risk-drivers is essential to targeting these vulnerable populations for the interest of public health.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs);
  topic: keywords
subject: Sexual health
  topic: keywords
subject: Gonorrhoea
  topic: keywords
subject: Chlamydia
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescent sexual health
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnic disparities
  topic: keywords
subject: Social determinants of health
  topic: keywords
subject: prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Biomedical Sciences
  topic: subjects
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: subjects
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: subjects
subject: Public Health
  topic: subjects
subject: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
  topic: subjects
subject: Gonorrhoea
  topic: subjects
subject: Chlamydia
  topic: subjects
subject: Health disparities
  topic: subjects
subject: Risk Factors
  topic: subjects
subject: Social Determinants of Health
  topic: subjects
subject: Age disparities
  topic: subjects
subject: Racial disparities
  topic: subjects
subject: Science
  topic: disciplines
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Infectious Diseases
  topic: disciplines
subject: Health Sciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Medical Sciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Health Policy
  topic: disciplines
creator: Amy Parnell
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Amy Parnell https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i1.1754

Insights into Diversity: A Multi-Stakeholder Analysis of Inclusive Assessment Practices in Higher Education
type: item
description: Changes to admissions policies may have improved access to higher education, but equitable teaching and assessment strategies must address persisting attainment gaps. A diverse and inclusive assessment strategy is proposed to contribute towards reducing attainment deficits by providing learners with equality of opportunity. This study aims to elucidate student and staff experience of diverse assessments, to involve students in shaping the future of assessments, and to develop recommendations to overcome challenges associated with implementation. To achieve this, a mixed-methods survey (n = 54) explored students’ experiences of assessments. Focus groups (n = 7) led by students were conducted with some of the survey respondents. University educators (n = 6) participated in one-to-one semi-structured interviews. Student and staff data were analysed separately and assembled for comparison. Analysis revealed strong agreement between students and staff: both groups considered that diverse assessment would promote equitable opportunities in higher education. Participants recognised the need for a shift in culture to facilitate the implementation of a diverse assessment strategy that would promote equity of opportunity by improving accessibility and inclusivity. Moreover, implementation should be accommodated to the ‘learning journey’, welcoming students as equal co-creators and seeking to minimise the burden of assessments and marking.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Degree awarding gaps
  topic: keywords
subject: Equity in assessment design
  topic: keywords
subject: Inclusive assessment strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: Student co-creation
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: subjects
subject: Assessment
  topic: subjects
subject: Diversity
  topic: subjects
subject: Inclusivity
  topic: subjects
subject: Education
  topic: disciplines
creator: Molly Fowler
creator: Marie-Dolores Ako-Adounvo
creator: Isabel Fischer
creator: Leda Mirbahai
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Molly Fowler, Marie-Dolores Ako-Adounvo, Isabel Fischer, Leda Mirbahai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i2.1749

Awareness, Knowledge and Practice of Female Zayed University Students Regarding Folate and Folic Acid
type: item
description: Adequate and timely folic acid intake can prevent the development of most Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) during pregnancy. However, up-to-date information on how much childbearing-age women are informed regarding this is limited in the United Arab Emirates. This study evaluated awareness and knowledge level of folate and folic acid (FA), along with FA supplement intake among female university students. It also assessed major demographic factors associated with knowledge of folate and with FA supplement usage, as well as examining participants’ risk level of inadequate folate intake. Of 239 female Zayed university students who completed the questionnaire, 63.2 per cent were aware of folate, and 44.8 per cent had good knowledge, but most (77 per cent) never took FA supplements consistently although the majority of the participants (38.5 per cent) were at higher risk of inadequate folate intake. Health science specialisation, history of folate deficiency or anaemia, and married or divorced marital status were associated with knowledge of folate/FA. Married/divorced marital status and history of folate deficiency or anaemia were also strongly correlated with FA supplement intake. However, pregnancy experience was not correlated with any of them. These results indicate a substantial gap in young women’s knowledge and FA supplementation. Therefore, effective education programmes are required to increase knowledge and promote folate-rich food consumption and FA intake.
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Awareness and knowledge of folate
  topic: keywords
subject: Demographic factors and folic acid supplementation
  topic: keywords
subject: Demographic factors and knowledge of folate
  topic: keywords
subject: Dietary folate intake among undergraduates
  topic: keywords
subject: Female university students and Vitamin B9
  topic: keywords
subject: Folate or Folic Acid
  topic: subjects
subject: Health Science
  topic: disciplines
creator: Bontu Yismawu Melaku
creator: Fatme Al Anouti
creator: Ala Al Rajabi
creator: Lynne Alexandra Kennedy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bontu Yismawu Melaku, Professor Fatme Al Anouti, Dr. Ala Al Rajabi, Professor Lynne Alexandra Kennedy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i2.1719

Global Minds: Expanding Beyond the Horizon
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Editorial
  topic: keywords
subject: World Conference of Undergraduate Research
  topic: keywords
subject: British Conference of Undergraduate Research
  topic: keywords
subject: WorldCUR
  topic: keywords
subject: BCUR
  topic: keywords
subject: Editorial
  topic: subjects
subject: Editorial
  topic: disciplines
creator: Yit Xiang Wong
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Yit Xiang Wong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-09-11
publication date: 2024-09-11
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v17iS1.1711

Are Private Brands Morally Inferior to National Brands?
type: item
description: This paper investigates the moral distinctions between private brands (or private labels) and national brands within the context of economic, sustainability and innovation impacts. Private brands, owned and controlled by retailers, increasingly dominate the market, raising ethical concerns. Key areas of analysis include economic effects on consumers and producers, sustainability practices and the ethical implications of innovation and image copying. The findings suggest that private brands are morally inferior to national brands due to their detrimental impact on sustainability and innovation. The paper concludes with proposed political interventions aimed at mitigating these ethical issues, highlighting the need for more stringent regulations to ensure fair practices and enhance sustainability within the industry.
subject: Special Section: other
  topic: section
subject: Private Brands
  topic: keywords
subject: National Brands
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical concerns about private brands
  topic: keywords
subject: Retail sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Brand innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: economic impact of branding
  topic: keywords
subject: brand management
  topic: subjects
subject: communication
  topic: subjects
subject: sustainability
  topic: subjects
subject: business studies
  topic: subjects
subject: consumerism
  topic: subjects
subject: ethics
  topic: subjects
subject: philosophy
  topic: subjects
subject: retail
  topic: subjects
subject: PPE
  topic: disciplines
subject: Philosophy
  topic: disciplines
subject: Politics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Economics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Albert Oliver I Ribé
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Albert Oliver I Ribé https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-20
publication date: 2025-01-20
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v17i2.1702

Conceptions of Freedom in the Regulation of Junk Food and Tobacco
type: item
description: This paper examines the regulatory disparities between the junk food and tobacco industries in the UK, focusing on the underlying conceptions of freedom that shape public policy. While both industries contribute significantly to public health challenges, tobacco is subject to far stricter regulations. Through an analysis of parliamentary debates within the House of Commons, the paper explores the application of positive and negative freedom in discussions of junk food and tobacco. I find that the presence of addiction in tobacco discourse is used to apply a positive conception of freedom, leading to more stringent regulations. Conversely, junk food discussions emphasise individual choice, aligning with a negative conception of freedom and resulting in softer regulatory approaches. This paper argues that these differing narratives on freedom contribute to the observed regulatory differences and suggests that emphasising the addictive nature of junk food could shift regulatory perspectives.
subject: Special Section: other
  topic: section
subject: Conceptions of freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: Obesity Discourse in the UK
  topic: keywords
subject: comparing discourse between junk food and tobacco
  topic: keywords
subject: positive and negative freedom in discussions of tobacco and obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: obesity regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Food politics
  topic: subjects
subject: food security
  topic: subjects
subject: public health
  topic: subjects
subject: law
  topic: subjects
subject: Law
  topic: disciplines
subject: Philosophy
  topic: disciplines
subject: Politics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Economics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Daniel Knoth
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Daniel Knoth https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-20
publication date: 2025-01-20
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v17i2.1701

To What Extent Were There Attempts to Securitise the Malaysian Chicken Export Ban In Singapore? A Comparative Analysis of Frames Between Government and News Media
type: item
description: This article focuses on exploring the securitisation of the Malaysian chicken export ban that took effect on 1 June 2022. The effects of the chicken export ban seemingly went beyond the economics of food, and expanded into the realm of national identity, as the de facto national dish of Singapore got compromised. As food and national identity is intricately linked to societal security and a key part of securitisation theory, this research paper seeks to explore the extent to which the chicken export ban was securitised. Through the use of a frame analysis, three different categories of news media were analysed: governmental media, local news media and foreign news media. The analysis showed that the foreign news media had attempted securitisation, but the local news media and governmental media refrained from securitisation, and rather engaged in a prognostic framing to reframe the chicken export ban into a proactive management of the situation which desecuritised the ban.
subject: Special Section: other
  topic: section
subject: Securitisation of Food
  topic: keywords
subject: Societal Security and National Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Securitisation Frame Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Malaysian Chicken Export Ban
  topic: keywords
subject: News Media Securitisation
  topic: keywords
subject: Citizenship
  topic: subjects
subject: food security
  topic: subjects
subject: food politics
  topic: subjects
subject: Singapore
  topic: subjects
subject: PPE
  topic: disciplines
subject: Philosophy
  topic: disciplines
subject: Politics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Economics
  topic: disciplines
subject: international studies
  topic: disciplines
creator: Lucas Huan Zhi Kai
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Lucas Huan Zhi Kai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-20
publication date: 2025-01-20
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v17i2.1700

Rethinking the EU’s Deforestation Regulation: A Fairer Approach to Palm Oil in the Global South
type: item
description: This paper explores the debate on the European Union’s Deforestation Regulation on the Palm Oil Industry. While most of the existing literature focuses on the implications of the regulation on the Global South, I explore whether the EU is obligated to revise the regulation on moral terms. In addressing this question, I argue that the European Union has a moral obligation to revise the deforestation regulation or find an alternative way of promoting sustainable agri-food production. The justification is in line with the theory of ‘global distributive justice’, where the benefits and burdens of the policy should be fairly distributed, taking into account the nation’s capabilities and historical contributions to the problem.
subject: Special Section: other
  topic: section
subject: European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) and Palm Oil
  topic: keywords
subject: Moral Obligations in Climate Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Utilitarianism in EU Environmental Regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Distributive Justice in Global Climate Action
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethics
  topic: subjects
subject: European Union
  topic: subjects
subject: food politics
  topic: subjects
subject: deforestation
  topic: subjects
subject: geography
  topic: subjects
subject: Politics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Philosophy
  topic: disciplines
subject: economics
  topic: disciplines
subject: international studies
  topic: disciplines
creator: Abirrami Gunalan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Abirrami Gunalan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-20
publication date: 2025-01-20
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v17i2.1699

Gastronationalism in Cornwall
type: item
description: Discussions of gastronationalism have largely focused on nationalist politics at the state level, especially in the realm of European integration and Americanisation. This paper, therefore, explores how gastronationalism is manifested at the subnational level by asking the question ‘What role does food play in the construction of Cornish national identity vis-à-vis England?’ This paper first reviews the literature around gastronationalism to explore how the concept has developed. It shall raise the example of Cornwall as having much in common with previous case studies of gastronationalism in how heritage foods are protected in a politics concerned with homogenisation. A contrast will then be drawn between the generally discussed contexts, with the strong economic incentives to develop an inclusive food culture as part of a national brand that appeals to tourists in Cornwall, which also contributes to the ‘lived brand’ of Cornwall. To investigate this question, a thematic and qualitative content analysis of local tourist boards’ promotional content is conducted in comparison to other English counties. Finally, it shall conclude that gastronationalism is conceptually relevant to the Cornish context, but the specific nature of cultural revivalism suggests the concept should be expanded to better account for subnational gastronationalist efforts.
subject: Special Section: other
  topic: section
subject: Gastronationalism in Cornwall
  topic: keywords
subject: Cornish Nationalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Nation branding in Cornwall
  topic: keywords
subject: Food politics
  topic: keywords
subject: Cornish food
  topic: keywords
subject: Subnational integration politics
  topic: keywords
subject: Integration politics
  topic: subjects
subject: food politics
  topic: subjects
subject: gastronationalism
  topic: subjects
subject: Cornish politics
  topic: subjects
subject: Cornish food
  topic: subjects
subject: Politics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Philosophy
  topic: disciplines
subject: economics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Reuben Bye
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Reuben Bye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-20
publication date: 2025-01-20
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v17i2.1698

The Philosophy, Politics and Economics of Food
type: item
description: The undergraduate degree Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) has attracted a stereotype of developing future political and financial elites with little regard to the subject material covered in the programme. This clashes with student expectations and university messaging on PPE, which, especially at the University of Warwick, highlight the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives for addressing complex global challenges. This introduction to this special section argues that it is imperative to centre students’ voices in defining PPE, and, to this end, showcases a co-creation process aimed at developing an interdisciplinary module. The resulting module on the PPE of food thereby speaks to how students understand their PPE: as a programme that breaks with interdisciplinary silos to answer complex questions relevant to the world we live in.
subject: Special Section: other
  topic: section
subject: Interdisciplinarity
  topic: keywords
subject: PPE
  topic: keywords
subject: Food
  topic: keywords
subject: Philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: Politics
  topic: keywords
subject: Co-creation
  topic: keywords
subject: Economics
  topic: keywords
subject: Economics of food
  topic: subjects
subject: philosophy of food
  topic: subjects
subject: politics
  topic: subjects
subject: international relations
  topic: subjects
subject: PPE
  topic: subjects
subject: Interdisciplinarity
  topic: subjects
subject: Food
  topic: subjects
subject: Philosophy
  topic: subjects
subject: Politics
  topic: subjects
subject: Economics
  topic: subjects
subject: Economics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Philosophy
  topic: disciplines
subject: Politics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Laura Gelhaus
creator: Lucas Huan
creator: Aaron Smith
creator: Vivek Venkatram
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Laura Gelhaus, Lucas Huan, Aaron Smith, Vivek Venkatram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-20
publication date: 2025-01-20
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v17i2.1697

A Social Evolution: Capturing the Essence of Change
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Editorial
  topic: keywords
subject: Editorial
  topic: subjects
subject: Editorial
  topic: disciplines
creator: Yit Xiang Wong
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Yit Xiang Wong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-04-30
publication date: 2024-04-30
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v17i1.1607

The Current State of the Healthy Start Food Scheme in the South West of England: A Qualitative Analysis with Stakeholders
type: item
description: Introduction: The Healthy Start scheme (HS) was introduced in 2006 to provide a nutritional safety net for economically disadvantaged UK families. Uptake has been poor, with at times only 60 per cent of eligible families in the South West of the England registered. Online registration has recently been introduced, and this study explores the impact of this, plus the current state of HS, and why uptake has been low. Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were held with local stakeholders. Thematic analysis was conducted on interview transcripts. Participants were recruited online using purposive and snowball sampling. Interviews occurred over Zoom and used a standardised topic guide. Results: Seven participants were recruited, and analysis revealed three key themes: i) HS barriers, ii) the importance of local teams, iii) suggested improvements. The online switch has streamlined applications, but HS recipients are hindered by digital poverty. Recent inflation and the cost-of-living crisis have blunted the impact the credit has for families. Conclusion: HS has potential to reduce childhood food insecurity but is restrained by low uptake. An increase in funding for local teams along with a national advertising campaign would improve awareness. Families need help overcoming the digital poverty highlighted by the online switch. Eligibility should be expanded to families on Universal Credit with children under the age of five. Keywords: Diet, Food insecurity, Nutritional sciences, Healthy Start, Health inequalities, Child health
subject: Article
  topic: section
subject: Diet
  topic: keywords
subject: Food insecurity
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthy Start
  topic: keywords
subject: Health inequalities
  topic: keywords
subject: Child health
  topic: keywords
subject: Nutritional sciences
  topic: keywords
subject: Food insecurity
  topic: subjects
subject: Nutritional science
  topic: subjects
subject: Public Health
  topic: subjects
subject: Qualitative research
  topic: disciplines
creator: Joshua Harris
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Joshua Harris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
doi: 10.31273/reinvention.v18i1.1597